Trump Tariffs 2025 — Complete List by Country and Product

Last updated: April 17, 2025 · 8 min read · Free

The 2025 Tariff Timeline: From Inauguration to Liberation Day

Donald Trump's second-term tariff program moved faster and reached further than anything attempted in his first term. Where the 2018–2019 trade war with China was a gradual escalation over 18 months, the 2025 program deployed multiple tariff actions within the first 100 days of the new administration, affecting virtually every major US trading partner simultaneously.

January 20, 2025 (Inauguration Day): Executive orders directed the US Trade Representative and Commerce Department to investigate "unfair trade practices" of all major trading partners as a prelude to tariff action. The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) was invoked as the statutory authority, providing the administration broader and faster tariff authority than the Section 232 or Section 301 processes used in the first term.

February 1, 2025: 25% tariffs announced on all imports from Canada and Mexico, citing fentanyl trafficking and immigration concerns under IEEPA. Effective February 4. A 10% tariff was added on Canadian energy imports specifically. This triggered immediate retaliation threats from both countries and WTO dispute filings.

February 4, 2025: 10% additional tariffs on all Chinese imports added on top of existing Section 301 tariffs, bringing the effective rate on most Chinese goods to 35–60%. Simultaneously, Canada and Mexico tariffs were temporarily paused for 30 days while negotiations proceeded.

March 4, 2025: Canada and Mexico tariffs reinstated at 25%. Mexico agreed to additional border enforcement measures but the tariffs remained in place. Canada announced retaliatory tariffs on $20 billion of US goods.

March 12, 2025: Global 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports reimposed under Section 232, eliminating country-specific exemptions that had been negotiated with the EU, Japan, South Korea, and others in 2021–2022.

April 2, 2025 ("Liberation Day"): The most sweeping tariff action: a baseline 10% universal tariff on all US imports from all countries, effective April 5. Country-specific "reciprocal" rates announced for 57 countries with the largest bilateral trade deficits, ranging from 11% (Australia) to 49% (Cambodia). China received an additional 34% tariff on top of existing rates.

April 9, 2025: A 90-day pause announced on country-specific reciprocal rates above the 10% baseline for all countries except China. China's tariffs were instead raised further, bringing the total effective rate to 145% on most Chinese goods.

Country-by-Country Tariff Rates as of April 2025

The following provides a comprehensive breakdown of effective US tariff rates by trading partner as of April 17, 2025. These rates combine all applicable tariff actions: pre-existing MFN rates, Section 232 steel/aluminum tariffs where applicable, Section 301 tariffs (China only), IEEPA tariffs, and the April 2025 reciprocal tariffs. The 90-day pause means most countries face only the 10% baseline reciprocal tariff plus existing duties; China faces the full escalated rate.

It is essential to note that tariff policy is changing rapidly. The rates below reflect the most current available information as of publication date but may have changed by the time you read this. Always verify current rates via official USTR and US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) sources before making business or trading decisions.

Product Categories and HS Code Groups Most Affected

While the April 2025 tariff architecture nominally applies universally, the practical impact varies dramatically by product category due to the structure of global supply chains and the degree to which specific industries source from affected countries. Understanding which product categories face the highest effective tariff burden helps importers, manufacturers, and investors identify where economic disruption will be most acute.

Consumer Electronics (HS 84–85): Smartphones, laptops, televisions, and components are among the highest-volume import categories from China. Despite initial exemptions for phones and computers (announced briefly before being partially reversed), consumer electronics from China face effective rates of 80–125% as of April 2025. This threatens supply chains for Apple (AAPL), which manufactures most iPhones in China despite active efforts to diversify to India and Vietnam.

Steel and Aluminum (HS 72–76): The global 25% Section 232 tariffs affect all major steel exporters including EU nations, Japan, South Korea, and India in addition to China. Combined with country-specific reciprocal tariffs, European steel faces total tariffs of 35% and South Korean steel faces 35% as of April 2025. Chinese steel faces 145%+ effective rates.

Semiconductors (HS 8541–8542): Advanced semiconductors from Taiwan, South Korea, and the Netherlands are subject to the 10% baseline reciprocal tariff (during the 90-day pause). Taiwan faces a proposed 32% country-specific rate when the pause expires. This threatens to raise costs for all US semiconductor manufacturing and electronics production that relies on TSMC wafers.

Pharmaceuticals (HS 30): A separate pharmaceutical tariff action is under investigation, with rates of 25–100% proposed on imported drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). India, which supplies approximately 40% of US generic drug imports, would be severely affected. A final determination is expected in Q3 2025.

How to Check If Your Products Are Affected

For businesses importing goods into the United States, determining your tariff exposure requires four steps. First, identify the correct Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) code for your product. The US International Trade Commission's online HTS database (hts.usitc.gov) allows search by keyword or product description. HTS codes are 10-digit numbers that precisely classify every traded good.

Second, look up the applicable tariff rates for your HTS code using USTR's published tariff lists. The Section 301 China tariffs, Section 232 steel/aluminum tariffs, and IEEPA tariffs each have separate published annexes listing covered HTS codes. CBP's ACE system shows all applicable duties when an entry is filed.

Third, verify your country of origin rules. Goods manufactured in third countries using Chinese components may or may not be subject to China-origin tariffs depending on the degree of transformation. Rules of origin are complex and customs brokers specializing in trade compliance are valuable here.

Fourth, check for available exclusions. USTR periodically grants product-specific exclusions from tariff actions based on business petitions demonstrating unavailability of domestic alternatives or severe economic harm. The exclusion application portal is at ustr.gov. TrumpBot's tariff checker tool at trumpbot.online/tools/tariff-checker provides a simplified interface for HTS code lookup and current tariff rate display, updated daily from official sources.

Economic Impact Estimates and Sector Implications

The macroeconomic impact of the 2025 tariff regime is the subject of active debate among economists. Estimates vary widely depending on assumptions about retaliatory responses, supply chain adjustment timelines, dollar exchange rate effects, and the Federal Reserve's policy response to tariff-driven inflation.

The Peterson Institute for International Economics projects the 2025 tariff package will add $1,200–$2,100 in annual costs for the average US household through higher consumer prices on imported goods. JPMorgan's economic research estimates a 0.5–1.0% reduction in real GDP growth for 2025 compared to a no-tariff baseline. Goldman Sachs revised its US recession probability upward from 20% to 45% in the weeks following the April 2025 tariff announcements, later partially revising it back after the 90-day pause was announced.

For investors, the tariff regime creates clear sector winners and losers. Domestic steel, aluminum, and basic materials benefit from reduced import competition. Defense contractors benefit indirectly from the geopolitical tension that accompanies trade war escalation. Energy producers benefit from Trump's broader pro-domestic-production regulatory environment. Against these, consumer electronics retailers, automakers, retailers with Asian supply chains, and agricultural exporters facing retaliation bear the brunt of the costs.